ADN ni iki?

Imiterere ya ADN n'imiterere

ADN, izwi kandi nka acide deoxyribonucleic ni molekile, ni agace ka atome kafatanye. Ku bijyanye na ADN, ayo atome arahujwe kugira ngo agire ishusho y'urwego rurerure ruzunguruka. Turashobora kubona ishusho hano kugirango tumenye imiterere ya ADN.

Niba warigeze kwiga ibinyabuzima, ushobora kuba warumvise ko ADN ikora igishushanyo mbonera cyangwa resept y'ibinyabuzima. Nigute kwisi molekile yonyine ishobora gukora igishushanyo mbonera cyikintu kitoroshye kandi cyiza nkigiti, imbwa nabantu? Ibyo rwose biratangaje.

ADN nimwe mubuyobozi buhebuje. Biragoye kuruta uburyo-bwo-gitabo wigeze ukoresha. Amabwiriza yose yubuyobozi yanditse muri kode. Iyo urebye neza imiterere yimiti ya ADN, izerekana ibice bine byingenzi byubaka. Ibyo twita azote: Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Guanine (G), na Cytosine (C). ADN ikubiyemo kandi isukari hamwe nitsinda rya fosifate (bikozwe muri fosifore na ogisijeni). Ibi bituma fosifate-deoxyribose umugongo.

Niba utekereza kumiterere ya ADN nkurwego, urwego rwurwego rukozwe muri azote. Izi shingiro zifatanije kugirango buri ntambwe yintambwe. Barahuza gusa muburyo bwihariye. (A) burigihe byombi hamwe na (T) na (G) burigihe byombi hamwe na (C). Ibi nibyingenzi cyane mugihe cyo kwigana ADN yose cyangwa igice cyayo.

Noneho, gusubiza ikibazo, ADN ni iki? ADN ni igishushanyo mbonera cyibinyabuzima. ADN ikora RNA, na RNA ikora poroteyine, na poroteyine zikomeza kubaho. Iyi nzira yose iragoye, ihanitse kandi yubumaji kandi ishingiye rwose muri chimie ishobora kwigwa no gusobanuka.

Nigute Twatandukanya Igice cya ADN?

Nkuko twavuze ko ADN ishobora kwigwa no gusobanuka, ariko twabikora dute? Abahanga biga no gukora ubushakashatsi no kubishakisha. Abantu bakoresha gel electrophorei kugirango batandukanye ADN kugirango bakore ubushakashatsi. Gel electrophorei ni tekinike ikoreshwa mu gutandukanya ibice bya ADN (cyangwa izindi macromolecules, nka RNA na proteyine) ukurikije ubunini bwabyo. Electrophoresis ikubiyemo gukoresha umuyoboro unyuze muri jel irimo molekile zinyungu. Ukurikije ubunini bwabyo nubunini, molekile zizanyura muri gel mu byerekezo bitandukanye cyangwa ku muvuduko utandukanye, zibemerera gutandukana. Dukoresheje electrophoreis, turashobora kubona ibice byinshi bya ADN biboneka murugero hamwe nubunini bifitanye isano.

Niba ushaka gukora gel electrophorei, banza ukeneye ibikoresho byubushakashatsi bijyanye, selile ya electrophoreis (tank / chamber) hamwe nogutanga amashanyarazi. Ishusho ikurikira irerekana horizontal electrophoreis selile (tank / chamber) icyitegererezoDYCP-31DNn'amashanyarazi atanga urugeroDYY-6Dkuva Beijing Liuyi Biotechnology Co, Ltd ya ADN gel electrophorei.

Gel electrophorei irimo gel, ni ubwoko bwibintu bisa na Jello. Gels yo gutandukanya ADN ikunze gukoreshwa agarose, iza nka flake yumye, ifu. Iyo agarose ishyutswe muri buffer (amazi arimo umunyu urimo) hanyuma ikemererwa gukonja, bizakora gel ikomeye, yoroheje gato. Kurwego rwa molekile, gel ni matrike ya molekile ya agarose ifashwe hamwe nu mugozi wa hydrogène kandi ugakora utwobo duto.

Ishusho ya Khan Academy

Nyuma yo gutegura gel, shyira gel mumubiri wa selile ya electrophoreis, hanyuma usukemo igisubizo cya buffer muri tanker kugeza igihe winjiriye. Noneho ingero za ADN zipakirwa mu mariba (indentations) ku mpera imwe ya gel, hanyuma hagashyirwaho umuyagankuba kugirango ubakure muri gel. Ibice bya ADN byashizwemo nabi, bityo bigenda byerekeza kuri electrode nziza. Kuberako ibice byose bya ADN bifite ubwinshi bwamafaranga kuri misa, uduce duto tunyura muri gel byihuse kuruta binini. Nyuma yo gukora gel electrophorei, ibice bya ADN byatandukanijwe; n'abashakashatsi barashobora gusuzuma gel bakareba ingano ya bande iboneka kuri yo. Iyo gel irangi irangi rya ADN ihuza irangi igashyirwa munsi yumucyo UV, ibice bya ADN bizaka, bikadufasha kubona ADN ihari ahantu hatandukanye muburebure bwa gel.

Usibye selile ya electrophoreis (tanks / chambers) nibikoresho bitanga amashanyarazi, Beijing Liuyi Biotechnology Co., Ltd nayo itanga UV transilluminator, ishobora kureba no gufata amafoto ya proteine ​​na gel electrophorei ya ADN. IcyitegererezoWD-9403Bni portable UV transilluminator yo kureba ADN ya electrophoreis gel. IcyitegererezoWD-9403Firashobora kwitegereza, gufata amafoto ya proteine ​​na gel ya ADN.